Effects of Herbicides on Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Forage Production, and Economic Returns from Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)1

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW A. BARNES ◽  
THOMAS F. PEEPER ◽  
FRANCIS M. EPPLIN ◽  
EUGENE G. KRENZER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dual Purpose

Economic Returns from Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Ferreira ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Francis M. Epplin
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Bromus Secalinus

Field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of winter wheat seeding date and forage removal on the efficacy of cheat control herbicides, forage and grain yields, and net returns to land, overhead, risk, and management for the various cheat control strategies. Economic analysis showed that net returns were higher when wheat was seeded during the traditional seeding period (October) than when either seeded early (September) for increased forage production or delayed (November) for cultural cheat control. Some herbicides were economically beneficial at two of three locations where the initial cheat population exceeded 170 plants/m2.

Diclofop – a Selective Herbicide for Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khosro Khodayari ◽  
Robert E. Frans ◽  
Fred C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

Diclofop [2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid] was evaluated to determine Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam.) control and effect on yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Diclofop applied at 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/ha postemergence provided excellent control of ryegrass and resulted in significant yield increases of winter wheat. Diclofop was most effective when applied at the two- to three-leaf stage of Italian ryegrass growth. Postemergence applications of diclofop plus bentazon [3-isopropyi-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] gave excellent control of ryegrass and significant increases in wheat yields.

Seeding Arrangement on Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Grain Yield and Interaction with Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold P. Appleby ◽  
Bill D. Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Grain Yields

Studies were conducted to determine whether cross-seeding of winter wheat, while maintaining an equal seeding rate per hectare, would increase wheat grain yields and help the wheat compete more effectively against Italian ryegrass than conventional seeding. Wheat was seeded at rates of 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 in conventional parallel rows or cross seeded in a grid pattern. Ryegrass was seeded at densities of 0, 20, 100, and 200 plants per m-2. Cross-seeded wheat yielded less grain than single-seeded wheat in 1990 in the absence of ryegrass; there were no differences in 1991. Cross seeding did not reduce competition from Italian ryegrass. Ryegrass was highly competitive against wheat, especially in 1990. Even 20 plants per m-2 reduced grain yield by an average of 38%. Wheat seeding rate had essentially no effect on grain yield in 1990, but the higher seeding rates reduced yields in 1991 because of extensive lodging. In 1991, wheat grain yields were higher in the cross-seeded plots than the single-seeded plots at the two high wheat seeding rates and highest ryegrass densities. Cross seeding does not appear promising as an aid to controlling ryegrass in Pacific Northwest wheat.

Soil as Herbicide Carrier for Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Kinfe ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

The efficacy of herbicides applied broadcast by hand with a soil carrier or sprayed with water carrier were compared for Italian ryegrass control in winter wheat in central Oklahoma. Italian ryegrass was controlled 77 to 100% with BAY SMY 1500, chlorsulfuron, and CGA-131036 applied with both carriers. Metribuzin applied POST with 187 L ha–1water was less phytotoxic to Italian ryegrass and wheat than with 200 kg ha–1soil. All herbicides applied with 200 kg ha–1silt loam soil as carrier at two locations controlled Italian ryegrass 96 to 100%. Increasing herbicide rate, soil carrier quantity, or broadcasting soil-carried herbicide in two directions rather than one did not significantly improve herbicide efficacy over that of conventional spraying.

scholarly journals Comparison of Herbicides for Control of Diclofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass in Wheat

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghi Bararpour ◽  
Ralph Hale ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Jason Bond ◽  
Nilda Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

Diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ssp. Multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot) is a dominant weed problem in non-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in mid-south USA. Field studies were conducted from 2001 to 2007 to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides for diclofop-resistant ryegrass control and effect on wheat yield. In 2001 through 2004, chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron at 0.026 kg ha−1 preemergence (PRE) followed by (fb) mesosulfuron at 0.048 kg ha−1 at 4-leaf to 2-tiller ryegrass provided 89% control of diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass, resulting in the highest wheat yield (3201 kg ha−1). Flufenacet/metribuzin at 0.476 kg ha−1 applied at 1- to 2-leaf wheat had equivalent Italian ryegrass control (87%), but lesser yield (3013 kg ha−1). In 2005–2006, best treatments for Italian ryegrass control were chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron, 0.013 kg ha−1 PRE fb mesosulfuron 0.015 kg ha−1 at 3- to 4-leaf ryegrass (92%); metribuzin, 0.280 kg ha−1 at 2- to 3- leaf wheat fb metribuzin at 2- to 3-tiller ryegrass (94%); chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron (0.026 kg ha−1) (89%); and flufenacet/metribuzin at 1- to 2-leaf wheat (89%). Chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron fb mesosulfuron provided higher yield (3515 kg ha−1) than all other treatments, except metribuzin fb metribuzin.

Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Management Options in Winter Wheat in Oklahoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad S. Trusler ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Amanda E. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

An experiment was conducted at three sites in central Oklahoma to compare the efficacy of Italian ryegrass management options in no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) winter wheat. The Italian ryegrass management options included selected herbicide treatments, wheat-for-hay, and a rotation consisting of double-crop soybean seeded immediately after wheat harvest, followed by early season soybean, and then by wheat. In continuous wheat, before application of glyphosate or tillage, Italian ryegrass plant densities in mid-September were 12,300 to 15,000 plants/m2in NT plots vs. 0 to 500 plants/m2in CT plots. When applied POST, diclofop controlled more Italian ryegrass than tralkoxydim or sulfosulfuron. In continuous wheat, yields were greater in CT plots than in NT plots at two of three sites. None of the Italian ryegrass management options consistently reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Of the Italian ryegrass control strategies applied to continuous wheat, three herbicide treatments in NT at Chickasha and all treatments in NT at Perry reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Italian ryegrass plant density in November and spike density were highly related to wheat yield at two and three sites, respectively. No management options were more profitable than rotation to soybean.

Interference of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Liebl ◽  
A. Douglas Worsham
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Net Uptake

Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) grain yields were reduced an average of 4.2% for every 10 Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] plants/m2within the range of 0 to 100 Italian ryegrass plants/m2. Yield reductions caused by Italian ryegrass were attributed primarily to decreased crop tillering. Italian ryegrass densities as high as 80 plants/m2had little effect on wheat head or kernel weights. In greenhouse experiments, the growth response of Italian ryegrass to increasing concentrations of NO3–and K+was greater than that of wheat. Net uptake rates for NO3–by both species growing in nutrient solution were 1.5 times greater than net uptake rates for K+. Nitrate and potassium Imaxvalues for Italian ryegrass were approximately twice the corresponding values for wheat. Although Italian ryegrass responded more to changes in nutrients and had greater ion uptake rates compared to wheat, Italian ryegrass accumulated more biomass when grown in monoculture than when grown in association with wheat. This difference was probably due to the initial size of the seedlings. Wheat seedlings were much larger than Italian ryegrass seedlings during the first 20 days following emergence.

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